… This paper describes the use of evolution equations for probability density functions (pdf's)
to calculate the properties of turbulent reactive flows. Most flows in the environment, in …

… the effects of turbulent fluctuations in velocity and/or chemical composition in CFD-based
modeling of turbulent reacting flows. In this review, the term “PDF method” refers to an …

… PDF model is described for modeling turbulent reactive flows. … For a turbulent reactive flow,
we define the mass density … PDF (JPDF) f of velocity U(x, t), composition vector φ(x, t), and …

… flows, however, many questions remain unanswered. To completely specify a turbulent reacting
flow … more completely characterizes the structures in turbulent reacting flows. In the next …

… of the method is to turbulent reactive flows. In spite of modelling uncertainties, the pdf
equation most likely provides the best theoretical description (available at present) of such flows. …

… Chapter 6 presents a relatively complete introduction to transported PDF methods for
turbulent reacting flow. For these flows, the principal attraction of transported PDF methods is the …

… to assess the air or water quality, one needs to understand turbulent reacting flows. The main
classification of turbulent reacting flows in this book follows usual practice and is based on …

… In the preceding sections a computer method for dealing with compressible turbulent
reacting flows has been presented. The numerical scheme has been tested against analytical …

… In the meantime, the PDF approach to single-phase turbulent reactive flows has been
improved (see one of the latest reviews [3]). Progress has thus been made over the last ten years, …

… the PDF method, which is used to find the joint PDFs in the major manifold, and conditional
methods… for these quantities, 8 and 9 provide a closure for species in turbulent reactive flows. …