… When do new parties emerge? This article argues that an opportunity for a successful entry
is created when a party collapses (defined as losing more than 50% of the party’s vote share …

… entry, benefits of office and the probability of receiving electoral support, ie the strategic entry
calculation by new party elites, determine new party … The results show that new parties are …

… (1990–2004), this article shows that new party entry is more likely when the cost of entry is
low, the benefit of office is … A new party is one that either results from a split from an existing …

This essay reviews five important recent books on party system institutionalization, party
collapse and party building. The first section analyses broader lessons about party system …

… All of these findings adhere to previous hypotheses found in the literature, but critically, due
to the introduction of the collapse variable, the results align with the expectations for the first …

… , mirroring the focus on new party entry rather than sustainability, new parties tend to be
portrayed as … Success is measured in relative electoral terms with complete collapse remaining a …

… Some electoral rules might stabilize the party system by blocking the entrance of new
actors… parties) block the emergence of new parties and the renovation of established parties. …

… Intermediate types of party system change include dealignment and … of party system change,
collapse, is the least studied, and is the central concern of this article. Party system collapse …

… of a new model of party, the cartel party, in which colluding parties become agents of the state
… Finally, we suggest that the recent challenge to party is in fact a challenge to the cartel that …

… The new model party structure pioneered by the Labour Party … parties in the United Kingdom
will not be part of the collapse of old … In the introduction to their book When Parties Fail, Kay …