Abstract Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), or nosocomial infections, refer to patients
getting new infections while getting treatment for an existing condition in a healthcare facility.
HAI poses a significant challenge in healthcare delivery that results in higher rates of
mortality and morbidity as well as a longer duration of hospital stay. While the real cause of
HAI in a hospital varies widely and in most cases untraceable, it is popularly believed that
patient flow in a hospital—which hospital units patients visit and where they spend the most …