analysis, with examples of applications in material science that illustrate the capabilities of the related techniques. … PhotoelectronSpectroscopy (PES) is a general term used to describe the characterization techniques that study the surface of a material by using either X-rays or ultraviolet (UV) light as an excitation source to promote an electronic emission. In both cases, the physical effect upon which these techniques are based is the same, the …
This article summarizes the basic principles of photoelectron spectroscopy for surface analysis, with examples of applications in material science that illustrate the capabilities of the related techniques.