properties. Low fluorescence quantum yields (0.002–0.006) and short fluorescence lifetimes
(5–18ps) have suggested rapid intersystem crossing processes from excited singlet state.
Quenching of fluorescence emissions of aromatic donor molecules, ie naphthalene,
phenanthrene and pyrene, at rates reaching to diffusion limits in acetonitrile (2–8× 1010M−
1s− 1), have proven the electron acceptor capacities of naphthalene diimides …