androgen effects on male reproduction from phthalate exposures, human studies still remain
inconsistent. Therefore, a case-control study (n= 289) was conducted to evaluate the
associations between phthalate exposures, male infertility risks, and changes in
metabolomic biomarkers. Regional participants consisted of fertile (n= 150) and infertile (n=
139) males were recruited from Nanjing Medical University'affiliated hospitals. Seven urinary …