mode-locking operation remains a forefront in ultrafast laser research. In this study, we
unveil the potential of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based SA for ultrafast fiber laser applications.
By probing the nonlinear absorption characteristics of PAN SA within the telecommunication
band using the balanced twin-detector method, we reveal its substantial modulation depth of
10.7%. Incorporating PAN SA into the Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity facilitated …