The coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) has strongly impacted world public health with> 550 million confirmed cases and 6.4 million deaths as per July 5, 2022 (World Health Organization). Throughout the pandemic, it has become clear that COVID-19 affects not only the respiratory system, but also various organs and systems with a broad spectrum of local and systemic clinical manifestations [1]. Nonresolution of acute symptoms and delayed or long-term complications in COVID-19 survivals have led to the concept of long COVID [1, 2]. There have been several terminologies to describe patients with post-COVID symptoms persistence. The United Kingdom National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [3] has described long COVID-19 as the presence of symptoms lasting> 4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection [4], and chronic or post-COVID-19 syndrome when symptoms last> 12 weeks [1, 4]. Recently, the World and Health Organization has defined post-COVID-19 condition as symptoms which persist> 3 months after infection, last for 2 months or more, and are not explained by an alternative diagnosis [4].

Various clinical manifestations may follow acute COVID-19, which can involve respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, renal, and skeletal muscle systems. Interestingly, long COVID-19 may affect patients who had mild or severe forms of acute disease independent of hospitalization [4, 5]. Cardiovascular disease is related to a poor prognosis in acute COVID-19 which in turn may impair previous cardiovascular status [2]. Also, healthy individuals may suffer cardiovascular injury following acute COVID-19 [6–8]. The whole spectrum of cardiovascular involvement after post-COVID-19 syndrome has not been established. The United Kingdom National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [3] recommends that research should focus on identifying the most common symptoms and pathophysiological changes which can impact morbidity and quality of life to propose a multimodal intervention.