76.91° E, dip 0.6° S) and a low latitude station, Waltair (17.7° N, 83.3° E, dip 20° N) has
been studied for a total of 18 strong geomagnetic storms with DST⩽− 100 nT. The
simultaneous measurements of GPS-TEC and NmF 2 over Trivandrum and Waltair during
the period 2000–2005 have been considered for the present study. It is found that there is a
substantial increase in NmF 2 and TEC before the onset of the storm over Waltair, while the …