Probing the speed of scalar-induced gravitational waves with pulsar timing arrays

ZC Chen, J Li, L Liu, Z Yi - Physical Review D, 2024 - APS
Physical Review D, 2024APS
Recently, several regional pulsar timing array collaborations, including CPTA, EPTA, PPTA,
and NANOGrav, have individually reported compelling evidence for a stochastic signal at
nanohertz frequencies. This signal originates potentially from scalar-induced gravitational
waves associated with significant primordial curvature perturbations on small scales. In this
Letter, we employ data from the EPTA DR2, PPTA DR3, and NANOGrav 15-year dataset to
explore the speed of scalar-induced gravitational waves using a comprehensive Bayesian …
Recently, several regional pulsar timing array collaborations, including CPTA, EPTA, PPTA, and NANOGrav, have individually reported compelling evidence for a stochastic signal at nanohertz frequencies. This signal originates potentially from scalar-induced gravitational waves associated with significant primordial curvature perturbations on small scales. In this Letter, we employ data from the EPTA DR2, PPTA DR3, and NANOGrav 15-year dataset to explore the speed of scalar-induced gravitational waves using a comprehensive Bayesian analysis. Our results suggest that, to be consistent with pulsar timing array observations, the speed of scalar-induced gravitational waves should be at a 95% credible interval for a log-normal power spectrum of curvature perturbations. Additionally, this constraint aligns with the prediction of general relativity that within a 90% credible interval. Our findings underscore the capacity of pulsar timing arrays as a powerful tool for probing the speed of scalar-induced gravitational waves.
American Physical Society
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