presumed tumor growth in≤ 50% of glioblastoma (GBM) patients, which can be true
progression (TP)–tumor growth with poor treatment response, or pseudoprogression (PP)–
edema and tumor necrosis with favorable treatment response. Patients with TP have median
overall survival (OS) of only 7 months, while patients with PP have median OS of 36 months.
However, on imaging, TP and PP are usually not discernible during treatment, making it …