Survival outcomes are common in comparative effectiveness studies and require unique
handling, because they are usually incompletely observed owing to right-censoring. A “once
for all” approach for causal inference with survival outcomes constructs pseudo-
observations and allows standard methods such as propensity score weighting to proceed
as if the outcomes are completely observed. For a general class of model-free causal
estimands with survival outcomes on user-specified target populations, we develop …

Survival outcomes are common in comparative effectiveness studies and require unique
handling because they are usually incompletely observed due to right-censoring. A “once for
all” approach for causal inference with survival outcomes constructs pseudo-observations
and allows standard methods such as propensity score weighting to proceed as if the
outcomes are completely observed. We propose a general class of model-free causal
estimands with survival outcomes on user-specified target populations. We develop …