manufacture components structures from a computer-designed model layer by layer. Laser-
based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is one of type of the subcategories of AM. L-PBF is a fast
and cost-efficient production method that offers the advantages of being implementable with
a diverse range of raw materials, possessing a high level of freedom in customization, and
producing less waste. L-PBF can potentially enable the production of hierarchically complex …