The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese Virtues Questionnaire (CVQ). The reliability, factor structure, construct validity, and temporal stability of the inventory were examined. A university student sample (n = 878) and a working adult sample (n = 153) were recruited. Participants were asked to complete the paper-and-pencil CVQ and a set of questionnaires to measure both their positive and negative psychological status. The results supported the three-factor structure of the CVQ established earlier. Factorial invariants were found in different subsamples (students vs. workers; male vs. female). Each factor (interpersonal, vitality, and cautiousness) demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (α = .87 to .92), test–retest reliability (r = .70 to .76), convergent validity, discriminant validity, incremental validity, temporal stability, and theoretical significance. The questionnaire with good psychometric characteristics and solid cultural foundations can facilitate positive social work assessment and intervention.