Cavernous malformations are low-flow vascular malformations that are histologically
characterized by the lack of mural elements of mature vascular structures and intervening
parenchymal neural tissue. They are often clinically quiescent, and may grow, bleed, and
regress, but can also manifest clinically as neurologic deficits or seizures in the setting of an
acute hemorrhage. The low-flow nature of cavernous malformations renders them inherently
occult on cerebral angiography. Magnetic resonance imaging has become the mainstay …