… can explore and plan in novel environments, we introduce a minimal problem that isolates
the challenges of (1) exploring and remembering the dynamics of novel environments and (2) …

… tasks: the memory & planning game and one-shot StreetLearn, which are designed to
test rapid task solving in novel environments. Graph schemas can be learned in far fewer …

… Urban pairs were significantly faster problem-solvers in both tasks. Solving speed in the …
in urban environments, because urban animals are exposed to several kinds of novel or …

… Actually, in novel environments like cities, food can be unreachable in throwaway … a novel
object and an attractive food. Our results show that Sturnus vulgaris habituates rapidly to novel …

… demonstrator and (2) changes in task-solving behaviour after watching a demonstrator were
… to interact with a novel task. This, coupled with the rapid social learning through stimulus …

… by which animals respond to novel environmental challenges, … that there are probably
individual differences in task solving. … the ability to rapidly adapt behaviour to novel contexts …

… a 3D environment, rapidly learning to navigate efficiently in a new neighborhood, and rapidly
learning … That is, immediately after a single exposure to novel object names, their agent can …

… improved PSO algorithm has the best performance in task solving and PSO is the second one,
… As can be seen from Table 1, the improved PSO algorithm is much faster than before, and …

… We thus assumed faster learners would show shallower … might encounter in a natural
environment. The ability to remove … solution, individuals' task-solving behaviour was determined …

… increase individual survival chances in changing environments [3–5]… We calculated two
measures for task-solving speed: the … the block-removal problem faster than the subadult solvers …