… The permafrost models considered in this paper are those that define the thermal condition
of the ground, based on some combination of climatic conditions and the properties of earth …

… with permafrost hydrology. For example, one-dimensional (vertical direction) heat transfer,
used in surface hydrological models, … models still lack important processes in permafrost …

… Permafrost Modelling of the Laptev Sea 193 It should be emphasized that our permafrost
studies include modelling of permafrost formation and evolution (Stefan’s problem), and the …

… by the spatial heterogeneity of mountains to spatial permafrost modelling and, recently,
Earth system modelling (ESM) and associated land surface models (LSMs) (eg Dankers et al., …

… permafrost modelling tools with High Performance Computing capabilities have been recently
developed (eg: [26], [45]). Our contribution to the development of permafrost modelling is …

A physical model of the soil temperature and moisture regimes in a permafrost terrain has
been developed. The model is designed to be of general applicability to any site and any …

… it may also improve permafrost modelling in other areas such as the adjacent Northwest
Territories and Alaska, as well as Mongolia, where mountain permafrost extends below treeline. …

… In order to estimate this potential carbon–climate feedback it is necessary to correctly
simulate the physical dynamics of permafrost within global Earth system models (ESMs) and to …

… models determined by the 3PM–4PM scheme in order to create so-called best-guess porosity
models … In the following these manually adapted best-guess porosity models are used to …

… To address sub-grid variability due to snow depth heterogeneity, the permafrost model
was run with three precipitation scenarios. The snow and permafrost models were forced by …