Fan-beam tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) system was combined with onion-peeling deconvolution to reconstruct axisymmetric temperature and gas concentration distributions. The fan-beam TDLAS system consists of two tunable distributed feedback diode lasers at 7185.597 and 7444.36 cm ^-1 , a cylindrical lens and multiple photodiode detectors in a linear detector array. When a well-collimated laser beam penetrates through a cylindrical lens, a fan-beam laser was formed. Then, the fan-beam laser penetrates through the target region and is detected by the photodiode detectors in the detector array. After transforming the fan-beam geometry to equivalent parallel-beam geometry, axisymmetric temperature and gas concentration distributions can be reconstructed using the onion-peeling deconvolution. To obtain the reconstruction results with higher accuracy, a revised Tikhonov regularization method was adopted in the onion-peeling deconvolution. In this paper, numerical simulation and experimental verification were carried out to validate the feasibility of the proposed methods. The results show that the proposed methods can be used to on-line monitor the axisymmetric temperature and gas concentration distributions with higher accuracy and robustness in combustion diagnosis.