This paper addresses the problem of designing nonuniform linear arrays with reduced number of elements. The synthesis of such arrays has several practical applications in cases where cost and weight reduction is important. The proposed design method is based on Biogeography-based Optimization (BBO). We apply the BBO algorithm in order to find the optimum element positions and amplitudes that produce a desired pattern with a reduced number of elements. Additional design constraints include the minimum and maximum distance between two adjacent elements. Design cases found in the literature are compared with those found by BBO. The results show that BBO is highly efficient in producing the desired radiation pattern using a minimum number of elements.