shift estimator (QSE), which interpolates the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) coefficients by
a factor of q, enables the estimation accuracy to approach the Cramér-Rao lower bound
(CRLB). However, it becomes less effective when the number of samples is small. In this
letter, we provide an in-depth analysis to unveil the impact of q on the convergence of QSE,
and derive the bounds of a refined region of q that ensures the convergence of QSE to the …