especially phosphates), the material comprising a substrate such as a clay modi? ed With
complexing elements selected from Group IIIB, Group IVB, and lanthanide ele ments (or a
mixture of such elements). The resultant modi? ed substrate can bind oxyanions and make
them unavail able for utilisation in the environment; in the case of phosphates, by algae and
the like. The method includes forming a capping of material at the sediment/Water interface …