annual rainfall and the increased frequency of drought. In this framework of greater water
scarcity, an increase in irrigation costs is expected, so its rational and efficient use is an
unavoidable issue in modern irrigated agriculture. In the last 60 years in Portugal, it had a
great increase in the efficiency of water use in agriculture, accompanied by a great increase
in energy consumption, and the variation was 15,000 to 6000 m3/ha. year and 200 to 1500 …