The inks used in gravure-offset printing are non-Newtonian fluids with higher viscosities and
lower surface tensions compared to Newtonian fluids. This paper examines the transfer of a
non-Newtonian ink between two parallel plates when the top plate is moved upward with a
constant velocity while the bottom plate is held fixed. Numerical simulations were carried out
using the Carreau model to explore the behavior of a non-Newtonian ink in gravure-offset
printing. The volume of fluid (VOF) model was adopted to demonstrate the stretching and …