the extended Nagel–Schreckenberg (NS) model in the case of mixture of fast (V max1= 5)
and slow vehicles (V max2= 1) by taking also to the risky overtaking of fast vehicles. In
comparison with previous existing models, we find that accidents can occur in the free traffic
phase and/or congested one depending on the overtaking rate of fast vehicles. The effect of
evacuation of damaged vehicles from the road with probabilities P evf and P evs of fast and …