envenomations cause intense pain, not relieved by anti-venom. The fangs of many species
are short, causing subcutaneous injection. Fangs of larger species inflict subcutaneous or
intramuscular envenomation. To understand pain induced by subcutaneous venom, this
study examined spinal mechanisms involved in pain-enhancing effects of subcutaneous
Lys49 and Asp49 secretory phospholipase-A2 (sPLA2), two components of Bothrops asper …