Soil erosion due to runoff water is a major land degradation problem in the sloppy and undulated terrains of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI). Soil erosion resulted in fertility degradation and loss of top soil besides landslides due to high intensity storms and steep topography. However, the island suffers from soil moisture deficit during dry season due to high evapotranspiration. Therefore, planning suitable soil erosion control and water conservation measures in ANI is of utmost importance towards solving drinking water crises and optimizing agricultural production. Present study illustrates the different suitable soil and water conservation measures/interventions in ANI that are intended to reduce the erosive energy of water, soil erodibility by altering surface soil characteristics, and to reduce nutrient losses from agricultural fields. This paper also summarised different studies conducted in ANI with an aim to improve agricultural productivity and reduce land degradation.