districts in Africa due to mining and smelting of local Pb-Zn ores. To assess the extent and
intensity of this anthropogenic contamination, samples of topsoil (from a depth of 0 to 3 cm),
together with reference subsurface soil from a depth of 70–90 cm, were collected in the area.
In the Kitwe Town and downwind, the Pb and Zn contents in topsoils were found to be
significantly higher compared to the permissible ecological limits used in Canada with …