Previous findings support that cardiovascular markers of challenge/threat reflect one's
relative balance of resource versus demand evaluations during task performance. We report
a novel investigation of the effects of performance outcome framing (potential for gain vs.
loss) on these cardiovascular markers. Before completing a test, participants learned they
could gain or lose money, or neither, based on performance. Results revealed that during
the test, gain and loss framings led to higher heart rate and lower pre-ejection period than …