insulator transition and is expected to stabilize the intermediate monoclinic M2 phase. We
employ surface-sensitive x-ray spectroscopy to distinguish from the TiO 2 substrate and
identify the phases of VO 2 as a function of temperature in epitaxial VO 2/TiO 2 thin films with
well-defined biaxial strain. Although qualitatively similar to our Landau-Ginzburg theory
predicted phase diagrams, the M2 phase is stabilized by nearly an order of magnitude more …