This research presents an eco-friendly synthesis method for producing zinc aluminate nanopowders (ZnAl₂O₄ NPs) doped with varying concentrations of Fe³⁺ (0.25–5 mol%), utilizing Spirulina platensis extract (S.E) as a bio-fuel. Characterization of the final product involves comprehensive analyses, including XRD, SEM, TEM, SAED, EDX, and XPS, elucidating its crystallinity, particle size, surface morphology, elemental composition, and binding energy. For ZAO:3Fe³⁺ NPs, the commission internationale de l'eclairage (CIE) coordinates (x, y) are determined as (0.2401, 0.5001). The optimized sample's correlated color temperature (CCT) value of 7562 K suggests suitability for cool light emitting diode (LED) applications. Low-temperature photoluminescence (LTPL) of the optimal sample reveals two phosphorescence bands with maxima at 496 and 745 nm, accompanied by vibronic side bands were located at 374, 428, and 561 nm at 30 K. At 300 K, similar bands are observed at 497 and 747 nm, with corresponding vibronic side bands at 378, 428, and 563 nm. Temperature-dependent shifting tendencies in the LTPL spectra are noted. Room temperature hysteresis loops of ZAO:Fe³⁺ NPs exhibit magnetic behavior, with magnetism decreasing as Fe³⁺ doping increases. Latent fingerprints are successfully developed on various surfaces using a simple powder dusting method, and detailed analysis includes pore parameters such as number, position, inter-spacing, area, and shape. ZAO:Fe³⁺ NPs demonstrate potential in reducing oxidative stress (OS) and thrombosis, as evidenced by their ability to neutralize 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and restore normal stress marker levels in Red Blood Cells (RBC) under OS induced by NaNO₂. ZAO:3Fe³⁺ also inhibits adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation, showcasing potential applications in forensic science and cardiology. In summary, this study underscores the fabrication and diverse applications of ZAO:Fe³⁺ NPs, contributing to enhanced fingerprint recognition specificity, as well as providing insights for developing innovative OS and thrombosis treatments.