Strong-field approximation for intense-laser–atom processes: The choice of gauge

D Bauer, DB Milošević, W Becker - Physical Review A—Atomic, Molecular, and …, 2005 - APS
Physical Review A—Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, 2005APS
The strong-field approximation (SFA) can be and has been applied in both length gauge
and velocity gauge with quantitatively conflicting answers. For ionization of negative ions
with a ground state of odd parity, the predictions of the two gauges differ qualitatively: in the
envelope of the angular-resolved energy spectrum, dips in one gauge correspond to humps
in the other. We show that the length-gauge SFA matches the exact numerical solution of the
time-dependent Schrödinger equation.
The strong-field approximation (SFA) can be and has been applied in both length gauge and velocity gauge with quantitatively conflicting answers. For ionization of negative ions with a ground state of odd parity, the predictions of the two gauges differ qualitatively: in the envelope of the angular-resolved energy spectrum, dips in one gauge correspond to humps in the other. We show that the length-gauge SFA matches the exact numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation.
American Physical Society
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