Sub-nanosecond gated photon counting for high spatial resolution CMOS imagers

O Maciu, W Uhring, JB Kammerer… - 2016 14th IEEE …, 2016 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
2016 14th IEEE International New Circuits and Systems Conference …, 2016ieeexplore.ieee.org
Ultra-fast photon counting in standard CMOS imagers can become very challenging at sub-
nanosecond temporal resolutions. This is due to the delay and skew of signal propagation
along large pixel arrays. A new edge-based solution is presented, circumventing these
limitations. This solution is applied to a Single Photon Avalanche Diode based pixel with an
embedded analog counter for time gating photon counting. The analog counter has an
adjustable sensitivity ranging from 0.1 mV/photon up to 100 mV/photon. This concept was …
Ultra-fast photon counting in standard CMOS imagers can become very challenging at sub-nanosecond temporal resolutions. This is due to the delay and skew of signal propagation along large pixel arrays. A new edge-based solution is presented, circumventing these limitations. This solution is applied to a Single Photon Avalanche Diode based pixel with an embedded analog counter for time gating photon counting. The analog counter has an adjustable sensitivity ranging from 0.1 mV/photon up to 100 mV/photon. This concept was applied to an image sensor with a row length of approximately 15 mm and 330 pixels per row. The pixel counts 55 transistors with a pitch of 45 μm.
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