Conscious visual perception can fail in many circumstances. However, little is known about
the causes and processes leading to failures of visual awareness. In this study, we introduce
a new signal detection measure termed subjective discriminability of invisibility (SDI) that
allows one to distinguish between subjective blindness due to reduction of sensory signals
or to lack of attentional access to sensory signals. The SDI is computed based upon
subjective confidence in reporting the absence of a target (ie, miss and correct rejection …