System (TPS) microstructure using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method.
During the ablation process, the thermal stresses and traction forces acting on the TPS
microstructure, combined with its oxidation, could affect its structural integrity. Hence, the
local surface properties, namely, heat flux and traction force acting on the microstructure are
estimated, studied and compared to estimates from Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) …