existence of a phase transition for the lattice theory in three or more dimensions. In Landau
gauge this order parameter is the limit of (@(x)@(y)) as l x — … In space-time dimension d ~3
the Euclidean lattice Abelian Higgs model is known to have two phases. In the QED phase,
the photon is massless, 'while in the Higgs phase the photon acquires a mass. …