Environmental risk factors that have an impact on the ocular surface were reviewed and
associations with age and sex, race/ethnicity, geographical area, seasonality, prevalence
and possible interactions between risk factors are reviewed. Environmental factors can be
(a) climate-related: temperature, humidity, wind speed, altitude, dew point, ultraviolet light,
and allergen or (b) outdoor and indoor pollution: gases, particulate matter, and other
sources of airborne pollutants. Temperature affects ocular surface homeostasis directly and …