Advancements in information and communication technologies (ICT) have transformed how we humans communicate and process information. An increase in the aging baby-boomer population demands healthcare providers to utilize tech-savvy solutions to improve the delivery of treatment. This dissertation focuses on three diseases that require design and development of effective medical devices for various treatment needs:(i) stroke: a leading cause of adult disability requiring rehabilitation;(ii) autism spectral disorder: children diagnosed with it have difficulty in making eye contact and require therapy; and (iii) preterm birth: a leading cause of neonatal morbidities that require prevention. Often, some of the aforementioned patients require long-term treatment, which is expensive and not available in rural areas. To improve affordability and accessibility to treatment and rehabilitation, this dissertation demonstrates a roadmap to utilize: mechatronic approaches, rapid prototyping, and off-the-shelf sensors and software packages for use by patients and healthcare providers. It presents the design and development of an array of medical devices:(i) grasp rehabilitator for pincer grasp rehabilitation;(ii) wearable inertial sensors for exergames and range of motion assessment;(iii) retro-fitted eyeglasses for assessment of eye-contact; and (iv) electrical inhibitor for prevention of preterm birth. Where possible, these devices are compared with existing intervention methods (eg, alternative research-grade technologies) for clinical effectiveness and usability. Next, pervasively available computers, smartphones, and tablet interfaces are created to facilitate natural interactions that:(i) promote patient engagement through games;(ii) use smartphone “apps” and facilitate data-driven methods for assessment of eye contact behavior in children with autism, and (iii) facilitate internet of medical things based electrical inhibitor for in-home tocolysis. Implementations of combining low-cost medical device development and software solutions potentially reduce the costs towards clinical trials that enable the translation of clinical research to commercial availability.