… different results. Here, we investigated the impacts of temperature on yields of the four
crops by compiling extensive published results from four analytical methods: global grid-based …

… The average estimated temperature impact from all three methods (and four studies) was
a 5.7% reduction in global yield per degree of global temperature increase. The …

… We also exclude August when USDA publishes its first yield forecasts, which also influences
futures markets. 21Recall that a reduction in quantity implies an increase in price and vice …

… Extreme heat can steeply reduce crop yields both directly … vapour demand and contributing
to moisture stress 2,4,5,6,7,8 . … We estimate the historical yield sensitivity to temperature as …

… Emerick's long difference estimator. Averaging the dependent and independent variables
over … We considered the main cropping season only, which reduced the spatial extent of some …

… crop yield and weather data to empirically estimate annual … , the fit of our reduced-form yield
model was assessed using a … temporally averaged independent covariates (temperature and …

… changes in crop growth duration, crop yield, yield decrease probability, and the impacts of
heat and drought stress for three major crops … a major crop yield decrease was estimated and …

… Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, 9326–9331, https://doi.org/10.1073/…

… estimates on responses of crop yield to changes in … further disentangling S T of different crop
types. A key implication … will reduce major crop yields by 3–13% under 2 K global warming …

… , but lower latitudes, where C4 crops are the primary crops, … increased wheat grain yield
and biomass independent of soil … The violin plot, using kernel density estimation, illustrates the …