streamer emission'(ESE) principle, for lightning protection, against the traditional Franklin
rod. In all three cases, the device was subjected to a steady negative electric field from a
sphere, simulating the field beneath a thundercloud, prior to application of a superimposed
negative impulse field, simulating the field due to the downward leader. The first device
consisted of a vertical rod to which a subsidiary 1/50 µs positive impulse voltage, variable up …