… several alternative universal service programs that states may adopt. Overall, we find that
universal service programs that base subsidy dollars on the cost of providing service have little …

… Finally, we discuss how, in the particular case of Europe, the European … the concept of
universal service, focused on the protection of the most vulnerable consumers, along with the …

… that feed the debate on the notion of Universal Service, namely, its … the diversity of both the
historical and forward looking situations under which the implementation of universal service …

… Others have drawn attention to the different ways the term ‘universal service’ is interpreted
in different countries and at different times. This article offers a single unifying framework. All …

… stage in the development of universal service. In the 1970’s the phrase ‘universal service’ …
Mueller argues that much of the original debate was conveniently forgotten, and that by …

… In evaluating the success of South Africa’s universal service and universal access policies
and legislation, this chapter first defines the global concepts of universal service and universal …

… case revealed significant differences in interpretation between Telstra and members of
the community as to what constituted the Universal Service Obligation (USO). From …

… process of restructuring the universal service programs to move support to … met the universal
service objectives of the 1996 Act and have efficiently and effectively used universal service …

… on the one hand and universal service on the other. That … premises and arguments regarding
the history of the telephone… of the earlier concept of universal service that developed in the …

… we look to the future. While the scope of universal service might evolve as the Information
Society develops, the case for expansion of universal service across a diverse EU‐27, for …