oscillations of immune regulators, and short-period (ultradian) rhythms during embryonic
development. The Notch signaling factor HES1 (hairy and enhancer of split 1) is a well-
known repressor of proneural genes, and HES1 ultradian oscillation is essential for keeping
cells in an efficiently proliferating progenitor state. HES1 oscillation is driven by both
transcriptional self-repression and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. However, the E3 …