The FERM-domain protein Expanded regulates Hippo pathway activity via direct interactions with the transcriptional activator Yorkie

C Badouel, L Gardano, N Amin, A Garg, R Rosenfeld… - Developmental cell, 2009 - cell.com
C Badouel, L Gardano, N Amin, A Garg, R Rosenfeld, T Le Bihan, H McNeill
Developmental cell, 2009cell.com
The Hippo kinase pathway plays a central role in growth regulation and tumor suppression
from flies to man. The Hippo/Mst kinase phosphorylates and activates the NDR family kinase
Warts/Lats, which phosphorylates and inhibits the transcriptional activator Yorkie/YAP.
Current models place the FERM-domain protein Expanded upstream of Hippo kinase in
growth control. To understand how Expanded regulates Hippo pathway activity, we used
affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify Expanded-binding proteins …
Summary
The Hippo kinase pathway plays a central role in growth regulation and tumor suppression from flies to man. The Hippo/Mst kinase phosphorylates and activates the NDR family kinase Warts/Lats, which phosphorylates and inhibits the transcriptional activator Yorkie/YAP. Current models place the FERM-domain protein Expanded upstream of Hippo kinase in growth control. To understand how Expanded regulates Hippo pathway activity, we used affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify Expanded-binding proteins. Surprisingly we find that Yorkie is the major Expanded-binding protein in Drosophila S2 cells. Expanded binds Yorkie at endogenous levels via WW-domain-PPxY interactions, independently of Yorkie phosphorylation at S168, which is critical for 14-3-3 binding. Expanded relocalizes Yorkie from the nucleus, abrogating its nuclear activity, and it can regulate growth downstream of warts in vivo. These data lead to a new model whereby Expanded functions downstream of Warts, in concert with 14-3-3 proteins to sequester Yorkie in the cytoplasm, inhibiting growth activity of the Hippo pathway.
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