The Morphology of the Active Galactic Nucleus and its Impact on Accretion Flows and Relativistic Jets

MB Al-Fadhli - Physical Sciences Forum, 2023 - mdpi.com
Physical Sciences Forum, 2023mdpi.com
The G2 gas cloud motion data and the scarcity of observations on the event horizon-scale
distances have challenged the comprehensiveness of the central supermassive black hole
model. In addition, the recent Planck Legacy 2018 release has confirmed the existence of an
enhanced lensing amplitude in the cosmic microwave background power spectra, which
prefers a positively curved early Universe with a confidence level higher than 99%. This
study investigates the impact of the background curvature and its evolution over conformal …
The G2 gas cloud motion data and the scarcity of observations on the event horizon-scale distances have challenged the comprehensiveness of the central supermassive black hole model. In addition, the recent Planck Legacy 2018 release has confirmed the existence of an enhanced lensing amplitude in the cosmic microwave background power spectra, which prefers a positively curved early Universe with a confidence level higher than 99%. This study investigates the impact of the background curvature and its evolution over conformal time on the formation and morphological evolution of central compact objects and the consequent effect on their host galaxies. The formation of a galaxy from the collapse of a supermassive gas cloud in the early Universe is modelled based on interaction field equations as a 4D relativistic cloud-world that flows and spins through a 4D conformal bulk of a primordial positive curvature considering the preference of the Planck release. Owing to the curved background, the derived model reveal that the galaxy and its core are formed at the same process by undergoing a forced vortex formation with a central event horizon leading to opposite vortices (traversable wormholes) that spatially shrink while evolving in the conformal time. The model shows that the accretion flow into the supermassive compact objects only occurs at the central event horizon of the two opposite vortices while their other ends eject relativistic jets. The simulation of the early bulk curvature evolution into the present spatial flatness demonstrated the fast orbital speed of outer stars owing to external fields exerted on galaxies. Furthermore, the gravitational potential of the early curved bulk contributes to galaxy formation while the present spatial flatness deprives the bulk potential which can contribute to galaxy quenching. Accordingly, the model can explain the relativistic jet generation and the G2 gas cloud motion if its orbit is around one of the vortices but at a distance from the central event horizon. Finally, the formation of a galaxy and its core simultaneously could elucidate the growth of the supermassive compact galaxy cores to a mass of ~109 M at ≤6% of the current Universe age.
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