In the era of climate change, disasters are among the events of concern in the research field due to their devastating effects worldwide. Satellite‐based Earth observation (EO) is an established technology for mapping and monitoring spatial information about disasters at frequent intervals in all weathers at real time. Further, the information from past and present conditions gathered and stored by EO enables identifying the changes occurring in Earth's cover, and helps in framing management and mitigation strategies. Chapter 3 already introduced various types of disasters and their management briefly, and in this chapter we review some commonly used sensors on board EO satellites and spatial analysis approaches with their application in disaster impact assessment and modeling. It provides a holistic view of EO techniques in disaster prediction, management, and mitigation.