In this paper, we present a simple microwave-assisted synthesis of Zn_1−xCo_xO nanopowders. With the advantages of the microwave-assisted method, we have successfully synthesized good crystalline quality and good surface morphology Zn_1−xCo_xO nanopowders. The nanopowders are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–VIS absorption, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. We found, in the synthesis process, the surfactant Triethanolamine (TEA) plays an important role on the morphology of Zn_1−xCo_xO nanoparticles. The XRD study shows that for Co doping up to 5%, Co²⁺ ions are successfully incorporated into the ZnO host matrix. The absorption spectra of Zn_1−xCo_xO (x=1–5%) nanopowders show several peaks at 660, 611 and 565nm, indicating the presence of Co²⁺ ions in the tetrahedral sites. The Raman study shows that the linewidth of E₂^low mode increases with Co concentration, which further indicates the incorporation of Co²⁺ ions into the ZnO host matrix.