The rebrightening of a ROSAT-selected tidal disruption event: repeated weak partial disruption flares from a quiescent galaxy?

A Malyali, Z Liu, A Rau, I Grotova… - Monthly Notices of …, 2023 - academic.oup.com
A Malyali, Z Liu, A Rau, I Grotova, A Merloni, AJ Goodwin, GE Anderson, JCA Miller-Jones
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2023academic.oup.com
The ROSAT-selected tidal disruption event (TDE) candidate RX J133157. 6− 324319.7
(J1331) was detected in 1993 as a bright [0.2–2 keV flux of (1.0±0.1)× 10− 12 erg s− 1 cm−
2], ultra-soft (kT= 0.11±0.03 keV) X-ray flare from a quiescent galaxy (z= 0.051 89). During its
fifth all-sky survey (eRASS5) in 2022, Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG)/eROSITA
detected the repeated flaring of J1331, where it had rebrightened to an observed 0.2–2 keV
flux of (6.0±0.7)× 10− 13 erg s− 1 cm− 2, with spectral properties (kT= 0.115±0.007 keV) …
Abstract
The ROSAT-selected tidal disruption event (TDE) candidate RX J133157.6−324319.7 (J1331) was detected in 1993 as a bright [0.2–2 keV flux of (1.0 ± 0.1) × 10−12 erg s−1 cm−2], ultra-soft (kT = 0.11 ± 0.03 keV) X-ray flare from a quiescent galaxy (z = 0.051 89). During its fifth all-sky survey (eRASS5) in 2022, Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG)/ eROSITA detected the repeated flaring of J1331, where it had rebrightened to an observed 0.2–2 keV flux of (6.0 ± 0.7) × 10−13 erg s−1 cm−2, with spectral properties (kT = 0.115 ± 0.007 keV) consistent with the ROSAT-observed flare ∼30 yr earlier. In this work, we report on X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, and radio observations of this system. During a pointed XMM observation ∼17 d after the eRASS5 detection, J1331 was not detected in the 0.2–2 keV band, constraining the 0.2–2 keV flux to have decayed by a factor of ≳40 over this period. Given the extremely low probability (∼5 × 10−6) of observing two independent full TDEs from the same galaxy over a 30 yr period, we consider the variability seen in J1331 to be likely caused by two partial TDEs involving a star on an elliptical orbit around a black hole. J1331-like flares show faster rise and decay time-scales [] compared to standard TDE candidates, with negligible ongoing accretion at late times post-disruption between outbursts.
Oxford University Press
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