become equivalent to the copula. Only gradually they expand into the verbal system and
become T (ense), A (spect), M (odality) and passive markers. As for the latter function, crucial
to the passive interpretation of the sequence fieri/fakere+ past participle is a change in the
aspectual nature of the verbs entering the construction, from causative accomplishments to
active accomplishments and activities. It is also shown that the rise of these passive verbal …