Coal fines formed in the process of coal mining are of no commercial value and accumulate in dumps, harming the environment. At the same time, they can be used as a source of low-smoke fuel used by the population for domestic needs. To create such a product, it is necessary to solve many technical problems related to selecting binders for coal, providing mechanical strength, and initiating the combustion process of coal briquettes. This study presents the results of obtaining briquette fuel from fine particles of brown coal. Low-temperature pyrolysis determined the qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile components and proposed a mechanism for forming a porous structure of coal after thermal exposure. A composition of a mixture of caustic soda and grain processing waste was used as a binder for the production of briquettes. The mechanism of the formation of adhesive properties of the binder material is explained, and the optimal concentration of sodium hydroxide in it is determined. The positive role of caustic soda as a catalyst for the burning of briquettes is shown, and the activation energy of the burning process is calculated.