to support the demand of advanced energy applications (eg, catalysts, electronics,
magnets). Any viable resource must contain total REE of 300 ppm or greater for the
extraction process to be considered economical. Sedimentary deposits are optimal sources
for selectively recovering REEs and critical metals. One such source is the interbedded seat
rock, or underclay, that underlies or forms the floor of a coal seam and hosts ion-adsorbed …