Thermodynamic and sequential characteristics of phase separation and droplet formation for an intrinsically disordered region/protein ensemble

WT Chu, J Wang - PLoS computational biology, 2021 - journals.plos.org
PLoS computational biology, 2021journals.plos.org
Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of some IDPs/IDRs can lead to the formation of the
membraneless organelles in vitro and in vivo, which are essential for many biological
processes in the cell. Here we select three different IDR segments of chaperon Swc5 and
develop a polymeric slab model at the residue-level. By performing the molecular dynamics
simulations, LLPS can be observed at low temperatures even without charge interactions
and disappear at high temperatures. Both the sequence length and the charge pattern of the …
Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of some IDPs/IDRs can lead to the formation of the membraneless organelles in vitro and in vivo, which are essential for many biological processes in the cell. Here we select three different IDR segments of chaperon Swc5 and develop a polymeric slab model at the residue-level. By performing the molecular dynamics simulations, LLPS can be observed at low temperatures even without charge interactions and disappear at high temperatures. Both the sequence length and the charge pattern of the Swc5 segments can influence the critical temperature of LLPS. The results suggest that the effects of the electrostatic interactions on the LLPS behaviors can change significantly with the ratios and distributions of the charged residues, especially the sequence charge decoration (SCD) values. In addition, three different forms of swc conformation can be distinguished on the phase diagram, which is different from the conventional behavior of the free IDP/IDR. Both the packed form (the condensed-phase) and the dispersed form (the dilute-phase) of swc chains are found to be coexisted when LLPS occurs. They change to the fully-spread form at high temperatures. These findings will be helpful for the investigation of the IDP/IDR ensemble behaviors as well as the fundamental mechanism of the LLPS process in bio-systems.
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